# What is Vitrectomy?

Source page: https://www.kudretgozistanbul.com/en/blog/eye-diseases/what-is-vitrectomy

**Author:** Kudret Eye İstanbul | **Medical Approval:** Op. Dr. Mehmet Ali Özdil | **Date:** 2026-09-13

> **Summary:** Vitrectomy is microsurgery that removes the vitreous, the clear gel filling the middle of the eye, so the retina can be repaired. It is used for retinal detachment, diabetic retinopathy, macular hole, vitreous haemorrhage, eye injuries and epiretinal membrane.

## Quick Facts
- **Anaesthesia:** Usually local anaesthetic with sedation; general anaesthesia if needed.
- **Duration:** Between 30 minutes and 2 hours depending on the case.
- **Replacement:** Fluid, gas or silicone oil; gas and silicone are temporary and the eye's own fluid takes their place.
- **Recovery:** Usually 2-4 weeks, longer if gas or silicone oil was used.

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## What Is Vitrectomy?
The vitreous preserves the shape of the eye. When it becomes cloudy or the retina needs repair, it is removed through a microsurgical operation. The vitreous does not grow back.

## Types of Vitrectomy
- **Pars plana vitrectomy:** The most common; small incisions in the pars plana region to reach and remove the vitreous.
- **Anterior vitrectomy:** Removes vitreous gel at the front of the eye, for example after complications of cataract surgery.
- **Minimally invasive vitrectomy (MIVS):** Much smaller incisions and instruments, less damage and shorter recovery; today the standard technique for most vitrectomies.
- **Total vitrectomy:** Complete removal of the vitreous, for example in eye infection.
- **Partial vitrectomy:** Removes only the troublesome part.

## Why Is It Carried Out?
- **Retinal detachment:** The vitreous is removed and the retina fixed back to the eye wall. Sudden flashes, a marked increase in floaters or a curtain over vision can signal a retinal tear: see an ophthalmologist without delay.
- **Diabetic retinopathy:** Bleeding caused by damaged small vessels is removed.
- **Macular hole:** A tear or gap in the macula is repaired.
- **Vitreous haemorrhage:** The blood is cleared.
- **Eye injuries:** Foreign bodies are removed.
- **Epiretinal membrane (macular membrane):** The thin puckering membrane on the retina is removed.

## After Vitrectomy
- Use the eye drops the surgeon prescribes and follow hygiene rules to prevent infection.
- Avoid lifting heavy objects for a period after surgery.
- If gas was placed, do not fly or travel to high altitudes until it clears; keep the head position the surgeon advises.
- Attend all check-ups.
- Go to the nearest hospital for severe pain, blurred vision or sudden loss of sight.

## When Does Vision Return?
It varies with the person, type of operation and state of the eye. Vision generally clears within the first few weeks; recovery usually takes 2-4 weeks, longer with gas or silicone oil.