# Conjunctiva

Source page: https://www.kudretgozistanbul.com/en/treatments/conjunctiva

**Author:** Kudret Eye İstanbul | **Medical Approval:** Op. Dr. Deniz Oygar Baylançiçek | **Date:** 2026-09-16

> **Summary:** The conjunctiva is the thin, transparent membrane covering the white of the eye and the inside of the eyelids; it moisturises and protects the eye. When it becomes inflamed, conjunctivitis (pink eye) develops, which can be bacterial, viral, allergic or chemical and is treated according to its type.

## Quick Facts
- **Common condition:** conjunctivitis, affects all ages
- **Contagious types:** viral and bacterial; allergic and chemical are not contagious
- **Diagnosis:** eye examination and medical history, sometimes a sample
- **Price:** depends on the underlying cause and treatment

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## What It Is
The conjunctiva covers the sclera and inner eyelids, helps moisturise the eye and protects it against infections and external factors. Its inflammation is conjunctivitis, which is more common in children (especially infectious forms at schools and nurseries).

## Causes
- Infections (bacterial, viral or other microorganisms such as chlamydia): the most common cause.
- Allergens such as pollen, dust, pet dander and smoke.
- Irritants such as chemicals, pool chlorine and cigarette smoke.
- Insufficient tear production (dry eye makes the conjunctiva more susceptible to infection).
- Systemic diseases such as some rheumatic diseases, arthritis and Behcet's disease.

## Symptoms
- Redness and itching
- Watery eyes or discharge
- Burning or stinging
- Crusting on the eyelids
- Sensitivity to light
- Blurred vision

## Types and Treatments
- **Bacterial:** yellow or green discharge, crusting, red eyelids; antibiotic drops or ointment.
- **Viral:** after a cold or flu; watering, itching, mild redness; usually resolves on its own, cold compresses and artificial tears relieve symptoms.
- **Allergic:** itching, redness, watering; antihistamine or steroid drops.
- **Chemical:** burning, pain, redness; wash the eyes with plenty of water and use medication for symptoms.

## When It Is Serious
Most cases are mild and can be treated at home. Seek medical attention for:
- Severe eye pain
- Light sensitivity
- Blurred vision
- Purulent discharge
- Redness and swelling of the eyelids
- Fever
- Conjunctivitis in newborns or people with weakened immunity

Serious complications include corneal ulcers, intraocular inflammation and sepsis; early treatment usually controls them.

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## Frequently Asked Questions

**Q: Is conjunctivitis contagious?**
A: Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis is contagious and spreads quickly without hygiene; allergic and chemical are not.

**Q: Can conjunctivitis be prevented?**
A: Wash hands often, avoid touching the eyes, do not share towels, pillows or make-up, and avoid allergens.

**Q: Is there a link with dry eyes?**
A: Yes. Dry eyes irritate the conjunctiva and lack of tears makes it more prone to infection.

**Q: Are conjunctival diseases serious?**
A: Most are mild and treatable, but severe infections or chemical burns can cause serious problems, so see an ophthalmologist.

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## References
- Conjunctivitis: What Is Pink Eye?, AAO
- Conjunctivitis, NHS