# Eye Diseases Source page: https://www.kudretgozistanbul.com/en/treatments/eye-diseases **Author:** Opr. Dr. Mehmet Ali Özdil | **Medical Approval:** Op. Dr. Deniz Oygar Baylançiçek | **Date:** 2026-09-17 > **Summary:** This overview page describes the most common eye diseases, including myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, cataracts, glaucoma and retinal diseases, as well as conditions such as dry eye, uveitis and lazy eye. Left untreated they can have serious consequences for vision, so regular eye examinations and early diagnosis matter. --- ## Common Eye Diseases - **Myopia and hyperopia:** refractive errors where the eye cannot focus light properly. Myopia blurs distant objects; in hyperopia the eye focuses light behind the retina, so near objects in particular look blurred, and as the degree increases distant objects blur too. - **Astigmatism:** the cornea or lens is not properly curved, so light does not focus properly on the retina and images look blurred or distorted. Treated with glasses, lenses or laser surgery. - **Presbyopia:** age-related loss of near vision as the lens loses flexibility; usually begins after the 40s. - **Strabismus:** the two eyes do not look in the same direction; while one looks straight, the other may turn inwards, outwards, upwards or downwards. Usually congenital but can develop later; treated with glasses, exercise or surgery. - **Colour blindness:** the retina lacks, or has too little, of the pigments that detect colours, so some colours or shades cannot be distinguished. - **Glaucoma:** progressive damage to the optic nerve that can lead to vision loss if untreated; the most important risk factor is high intraocular pressure. Open-angle glaucoma, the most common type, has a long, insidious course, accounts for 85 to 90 per cent of glaucoma patients and usually has no symptoms. In the less common acute angle-closure glaucoma, pressure rises suddenly to very high levels, with severe eye pain, headache, nausea, vomiting and marked redness: an emergency. - **Dry eye:** burning, stinging, itching, redness, blurred vision and eye fatigue; treated with tear drops or medicines that increase tear production. - **Eye floaters:** small particles moving inside the eye. Most are harmless and need no treatment; vitreolysis is used in selected cases with a distinct floater well away from the retina (for example a Weiss ring). Sudden flashes, a marked increase in floaters or a curtain over part of the vision can signal a retinal tear and need an eye examination without delay. - **Uveitis:** inflammation of the uvea (iris, ciliary body and choroid), causing eye pain, redness, blurred vision and light sensitivity. - **Allergic conjunctivitis:** eye allergy affecting the conjunctiva and inner lid lining, with itching, redness, watering and burning; treated with antihistamine drops or medicines. - **Tear pathway diseases:** problems in the system (tear ducts, tear sac, eyelid) that produces, stores and distributes tears. - **Neurovision:** a non-invasive visual perception training programme that strengthens neural connections related to vision and can help adults with lazy eye (amblyopia). - **Nystagmus:** involuntary, rhythmic eye movement, congenital or appearing in or after infancy, with different possible causes. - **Eye twitching (myokymia):** sudden, involuntary, repetitive contraction of the eyelid muscles. - **Lazy eye:** one eye sees less than normal or than the other eye without any structural disorder of the eye or optic nerve. - **Night blindness:** the eye cannot adapt to darkness or dim light; it does not cause complete blindness. Treatment depends on the cause: vitamin A deficiency or cataract can be treated, while inherited diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa have no definitive cure. ## Warning Symptoms Numbness, pain, stinging, burning, excessive watering, discharge, itching, squinting, narrowing of the visual field and loss of vision may be symptoms of an eye problem. ## Prices Treatment prices vary with the underlying cause and the operation performed, and are planned individually after a detailed examination. --- ## Frequently Asked Questions **Q: What is the difference between myopia and hyperopia?** A: Myopia blurs distant objects. In hyperopia light is focused behind the retina, so near objects in particular look blurred, and distant objects too as the degree increases. Both come from the eye's inability to focus light properly. **Q: What is glaucoma?** A: A disease in which the optic nerve is damaged by high pressure inside the eye, which can lead to vision loss. It usually develops slowly and can cause permanent vision loss if untreated, so early diagnosis is important. **Q: What do floaters mean?** A: Small particles moving inside the eye. Most are harmless and need no treatment; vitreolysis is considered only in selected cases. A sudden increase in floaters or flashes of light needs an urgent eye examination. **Q: Is there a cure for night blindness?** A: It depends on the cause: vitamin A deficiency or cataract can be treated, inherited diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa have no definitive cure. **Q: Up to what prescription can the eye be treated with laser?** A: If the eye structure is appropriate, up to 10 dioptres of myopia and up to 5 dioptres of astigmatism and hyperopia can be treated with the iLASIK method.