
What is Night Blindness?
Night blindness is difficulty seeing in dim light. One of its main causes is retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic condition that affects the retinal cells…

Colour blindness is a condition in which the retina, the light-sensing layer of the eye, lacks special pigments that detect colours or does not contain enough pigment. It results in the inability to distinguish between various colours or shades of colour.
As an inherited factor, it is caused by faulty genes on the X chromosome. Colour blindness is divided into different types, the most common being red-green colour blindness. In this type in particular, people have difficulty distinguishing between red and green colours and cannot see shades of these colours correctly. Other types of colour blindness include blue-yellow colour blindness, total colour blindness (achromatopsia, or monochromacy) and partial colour blindness. In full colour blindness, people see all colours in shades of grey, while in partial colour blindness, they see some colours paler or less vivid than normal.
Colour blindness, as a common visual impairment, affects the way people perceive and see colours. It affects about 8% of men and about 0.5% of women and creates disadvantages in everyday life.
The retinal layer in our eyes contains light receptors called cones. The cones contain three different types of pigment. Red, green and blue. When light falls on the retina, the cones convert this light into signals and send them to our brain. Our brain interprets these signals and creates our perception of colour. In colour blindness, one or more of the pigments in these cones are missing or dysfunctional. This prevents the brain from interpreting colours correctly and leads to different types of colour blindness. Causes of colour blindness include the following.
Colour blindness is an inherited condition and is more common in men than in women. In some cases, it can also be acquired and can be caused by factors such as eye injuries, the use of certain medications or ageing. The most common symptoms of colour blindness are.
Light sensitivity occurs only in complete colour blindness (achromatopsia).
Contrary to popular belief, colour blindness does not mean seeing the world in black and white. There are different types of colour blindness, affecting the way people perceive colours and their eyesight. Red-green colour blind people cannot distinguish between the colours red and green or have faded vision.
Red lights may appear yellow to them and green leaves may appear brown. Blue-yellow colour blind people cannot distinguish between the colours blue and yellow or have faded vision. Blue lights may appear grey to them and yellow objects may appear pale or white. Full colour blind people see all colours in shades of grey. They perceive the world as a black and white film. 
Colour blindness is diagnosed using colour vision tests. One of the most common tests is the Ishihara test. In this test in particular, there are circles made up of dots and some of the dots are a different colour to the rest of the circle.
People with normal eyesight can see the numbers inside the circle, whereas colour blind people may not see these numbers or may see different numbers. Other tests used to diagnose colour blindness are as follows:
Inherited colour blindness cannot be treated; special filter glasses and contact lenses do not correct it, but in some people they can make colours easier to tell apart. In some cases, coloured contact lenses can be used to reduce some of the effects of colour blindness.
Colour blindness treatment price varies depending on the underlying cause and the operation to be performed. The treatment plan to be created by our specialist ophthalmologist depending on the detailed examination results may vary from person to person.
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Night blindness is difficulty seeing in dim light. One of its main causes is retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic condition that affects the retinal cells…
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